Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that originates in the tissues of the vagina, the muscular canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. It is most commonly found in women over the age of 60, though it can occur at any age. The majority of vaginal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which develop from the flat, thin cells lining the vagina. Other types include adenocarcinomas, which arise from glandular tissue.
The main risk factors for vaginal cancer include persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, as well as a history of cervical or vulvar cancer. Other risk factors include exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) (a synthetic estrogen previously prescribed to prevent pregnancy complications), smoking, and a weakened immune system.
In the early stages, vaginal cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms can include abnormal vaginal bleeding (such as after intercourse or between periods), unusual vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, or a mass or lump in the vaginal area.
Diagnosis is made through a pelvic exam, Pap smear, biopsy, and imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI to assess the spread of cancer.
Treatment for vaginal cancer may include surgery (such as removal of the affected portion of the vagina), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment, which highlights the importance of regular gynecological check-ups.
